Monday, January 30, 2012

EU budget commissioner in Greece: Triggering the European Dream!


I am writing this in the light of the recent proposal to put EU budget commisioner for Greece (source: BBC). Belonging to the European Generation-Y, thus having been raised as European as much as Greek, I feel obliged to pinpoint the need for prudent approaches and decisions regarding EU's future.


In his famous allegory, Plato described the role of “philosophers” (leaders) in the modern society requiring them to attempt to enlighten the “prisoners” (people) by offering them vision for a better life. All modern achievements were made possible when the leaders (the philosophers) provided strong vision to the people (the prisoners) and managed to engage them in revolutions (social, political, economic, industrial etc) to build what is nowadays known as modern world; open societies as opposed to the previous regimes of closed societies, like tribals, nation-towns in ancient Greece and so on.




Karl Popper, in his “Open Society and its enemies (1945)” notes that: Our civilization has not yet fully recovered from the shock of its birth — the transition from the tribal or 'closed society', with its submission to magical forces, to the 'open society' which sets free the critical powers of man […] The open society is one in which men have learned to be to some extent critical of taboos, and to base decisions on the authority of their own intelligence.

It is now, in the middle of the turmoil and on the verge of a complete European fiasco, that we have to step back and recapitulate the achievements of the attempt for a United Europe. Nations, like humans, tend to close-up to themselves during severe crisis, exhibiting a behaviour known as nationalism. Twice in the modern history the oldest continent of the world has suffered from augmented nationalism, resulting to equal World Wars. The vision of one European nation was then conceived to achieve this transition from closed societies (nations) to an new form of the European, open society and is now tested for the first time. In this crisis however, Europe could rely upon some of the most powerful tools met. A whole generation of young people has been raised up baring a common culture, even in the absence of the most important cultural element; the common language. Even this weirdness helped European Generation-Y to travel a lot and exchange cultures, so that nowadays almost everyone within EU knows and respects the main customs and particularities of each partner-country.

The Euro-project allowed us to get a glimpse on how Europe could share a common culture. It was understood that when dealing with the global community every European country is a small country. We HAVE built together a European Union, a remarkable construction in which European nation-states, some even long divided by protracted conflicts, decided to be “united in diversity” and form a Commonwealth, a Community in the true sense of the word. Retreating from the present setting could be destabilizing, and even cause chaos and unrest to future generations. Doing a step forward is something we ought to our children and to history. The proposal of putting European commisioners in Greece (and potentially around Europe's countries facing sovereign debt crisis) can only be interpreted as a step-back, and could only bring memories of the past when Europe imposed Otto in Greece. Europe (under the leadership of the North) should not follow this path, that would lead into extreme friction among the Nations, if not a new War.

Maybe on the most critical point of the short-lived attempt of the European Union, I feel obliged as a young European academician (i.e. belonging to the science academy) to offer my point of view in order to tackle the forthcoming unrest. Europe has to resist to the growing Eurosceptisism and apply the aforementioned approaches by Plato and Popper to complete transition to an open society. I therefore urge us (the people) and the leaders to take a leap of faith, and complete the European dream. Create an open society that will, according to Popper, "set free the critical powers of men". Unite the European countries politically and culturally, by designing a new -European- education system for the generations to come. Under the correct guidance, Europe could reclaim the role of the cultural beacon of the world, a role rightfully belonging to her. We have learned to respect each others culture and language, thus facilitating this next step. European culture is based on diversity, exactly the same way as Belgium, Spain, France, Germany, Greece -and so on- are based on their people's diversity.

It is long accepted that people cannot be governed only with financial rules and penalties, but mainly through ethics and culture. European nations can tolerate 2-3 years of austerity measures and structural reforms, but only if provided with a vision that will allow them -and future generations- a better living. One Europe, that will provide freedom in the form of common culture, common ethics, common financial policies. If achieved, this should be a stable scheme, relieved from sceptisism and nationalism. We must plan for freedom, and not only for security, if for no other reason than only freedom can make security more secure (Karl Popper).”

I'm wrapping up borrowing the closing part of the Spinelli Group's manifesto: “Nationalism is an ideology of the past. Our goal is a federal and post-national Europe, a Europe of the citizens. This was the dream the founding fathers worked so hard to achieve. This is the Europe we will go for. Because this is the Europe of the future.”

4 comments:

  1. Thanks for that!

    I 'd like to add that even if countries are united as EU members, every nation retains, in a certain extend, its own culture and education. The austerity measures that have been imposed to Greece were created by nations that possibly cannot grasp the basic notions of our pedagogy and culture. For example, if their education was based on discipline and punishment they would possibly, tacitly, believe that this is the method that is likely to result into development and learning. I am not sure that this is the case, but my point here, is that it has not been taken into consideration that we (Greeks) have grown up with different values and methods of motivation.

    Personally, I do not believe that insecurity,diversity, non linearity and uncertainty are harmful within an open-society model,on the contrary these values make this model successful and interesting. In our days, there is is the difficulty to live with uncertainty (see Liquid times/Z.Bauman, I think you will like it); I do believe that uncertainty, could result into progress if it is not based on 'carrot and stick' models or even worse on terrorism and punishment.

    ps. my comment is not that of an academic (because I do not think that it makes a difference really, at least not in a good way) but definitely that of a 'young' person. :P

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks Alex, very nice comment indeed!

      I fully agree with your approach, the way of deciding and implementing the common European culture -through a completely new system of education- should take into account the diversities within EU and use them for its benefit, rather than suppress them.

      The age of carrots and sticks is long ago over, and the sooner we understand it the best for us and the next generations. There is a great talk on the intrinsic flaws of the carrot-and-stick method when dealing with tasks that demand creativity here:

      http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_pink_on_motivation.html

      Try to extrapolate to our discussion. It should fit quite smoothly!

      PS: I wasn't writing as an academic as well. After all this not my field, not even close. Being an academic however forced me to write at first place!

      Delete
  2. Thank you for the post Manolis!
    I would like to juxtapose the articles from the constitutions of Greece, France and Germany. All of them converge to the fact that power is derived from people and it is exercised by the people. But this is not the case by setting a commissioner. It may be seen and/or justified as a short term Machiavelian tactic in order to ‘save’ Greece from its debts, but is it? Or it is rather a hegemonic tactic?
    The *risk* of violating the fundamental democratic principles of the member states is quite important and notably more profound than the economic speculations of various economical centers. It is a political issue and democracy is integrated into EU thinking. Democracy is a key stone and part of the EU dream.
    If Germany bypasses the democratic principles of other countries (even indirectly) there is a *risk* of reviving recent memories of the generations X-1, X. And this is not a local issue. The wounds of WWII are still open both on a local and a global level. New films are still devoted to WWII. Have you watched The Debt, 2011?
    On the other hand the *risk* of an integral control and influence to Greek state affairs (internal and external) may have social, economic and geopolitical impacts. We shouldn’t forget what happened recently in Cyprus during colonel’s dictatorship.
    But *risk* means danger. So, closing, I would like to point out paragraph 20.4 of the German constitution which states that “All Germans shall have the right to resist any person seeking to abolish this constitutional order, if no other remedy is available.” Isn’t it ironic?

    Greece (Άρθρο 1, http://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82#.CE.86.CF.81.CE.B8.CF.81.CE.BF_1 )
    1.Το πολίτευμα της Ελλάδας είναι Προεδρευόμενη Κοινοβουλευτική Δημοκρατία.
    2.Θεμέλιο του πολιτεύματος είναι η λαϊκή κυριαρχία.
    3.Όλες οι εξουσίες πηγάζουν από το Λαό, υπάρχουν υπέρ αυτού και του Έθνους και ασκούνται όπως ορίζει το Σύνταγμα.
    France (Article 3, http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/constitution.asp )
    La souveraineté nationale appartient au peuple qui l’exerce par ses représentants et par la voie du référendum.
    Aucune section du peuple ni aucun individu ne peut s’en attribuer l’exercice.
    Le suffrage peut être direct ou indirect dans les conditions prévues par la Constitution. Il est toujours universel, égal et secret.
    Sont électeurs, dans les conditions déterminées par la loi, tous les nationaux français majeurs des deux sexes, jouissant de leurs droits civils et politiques.
    Germany (Art 20, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/gg/gesamt.pdf EN: https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf )
    (1) Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist ein demokratischer und sozialer Bundesstaat.
    (2) Alle Staatsgewalt geht vom Volke aus. Sie wird vom Volke in Wahlen und Abstimmungen und durch besondereOrgane der Gesetzgebung, der vollziehenden Gewalt und der Rechtsprechung ausgeübt.
    (3) Die Gesetzgebung ist an die verfassungsmäßige Ordnung, die vollziehende Gewalt und die Rechtsprechungs ind an Gesetz und Recht gebunden.
    (4) Gegen jeden, der es unternimmt, diese Ordnung zu beseitigen, haben alle Deutschen das Recht zum Widerstand, wenn andere Abhilfe nicht möglich ist.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks Ioannis, nice stuff!
      To top it up, I will add that Democracy was invented and founded in Europe (I wouldn't attribute it to Greece alone, since Western Democracy was drastically influenced from renaissance, which Greece didn't met), and for this reason it is indeed integrated into EU thinking. We should never forget that "Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people", as Abraham Lincoln said.

      I wouldn't attribute the harsh decisions to Germany though; all EU nations tend to conservatism (thankfully not nationalism, yet) this period. However, remembering that we are “united in diversity” is the only way to move forward. We're all equal in this, even if some nations are richer! No one is "more equal" than others and no one has the right to set the rules. No one except the European people themselves! And I think that European Generation-Y should have the prime role in this discussion; after all we will live in and decide for Europe for the next decades! Why leaving others to decide on our near future?

      Delete